The Zero Trust security model is an approach that emphasizes protection at every layer of an organization's infrastructure. It operates on three core principles: verify explicitly, apply least privileged access, and always assume breach. This model recognizes that traditional defenses, which often focus solely on network access, are insufficient in today’s environment where data is distributed across cloud and hybrid networks.

Microsoft incorporates Zero Trust as a fundamental architectural principle in both Microsoft 365 and Azure. This approach ensures that security measures extend beyond Microsoft’s cloud to hybrid and multi-cloud environments. Key strategies include using Azure Active Directory for identity management, implementing Conditional Access for real-time risk assessment, and employing Microsoft Endpoint Manager to manage device compliance, all while maintaining user productivity.

The Zero Trust model consists of several layers: Identity, Endpoints, Applications, Network, Infrastructure, and Data. Each layer plays a critical role in securing access and protecting sensitive information. For instance, Identity focuses on verifying users and devices, Endpoints assess device compliance, Applications ensure secure access to software, Network includes protections against attacks, Infrastructure manages configuration and updates, and Data safeguards sensitive information across various environments.